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Akhenaten

9 questions · History

Akhenaten, who came to the throne around 1351 BC as Amenhotep IV, made the most radical break in Egyptian history. He abolished the old gods and allowed only Aten, the sun disc whose rays end in hands. For this he left Thebes and built a new capital in the middle of the desert: Akhetaten, today's Amarna. Art changed abruptly too: suddenly the king was shown with an elongated skull, narrow chin and heavy belly. After his death everything was undone, his name erased and Amarna left to decay. His son was Tutankhamun. Good to know: He is shown as a disc whose rays end in small hands. Aten's temples had no roof: the god was meant to shine straight in. Only in his fifth regnal year did he take the new name. „Akhenaten“ means roughly „effective for Aten“: the old name still honoured Amun. It arose on virgin ground claimed by no other god. Within a few decades of his death the city stood empty again. Her painted bust in Berlin is one of the best-known artworks in the world. The bust was a workshop model: which is why it is missing an eye.

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Which god alone did Akhenaten permit?

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Aten, the sun disc

He is shown as a disc whose rays end in small hands.

💡 Did you know? Aten's temples had no roof: the god was meant to shine straight in.

What was Akhenaten called when he came to the throne?

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Amenhotep IV

Only in his fifth regnal year did he take the new name.

💡 Did you know? „Akhenaten“ means roughly „effective for Aten“: the old name still honoured Amun.

Which new capital did Akhenaten build in the desert?

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Akhetaten (Amarna)

It arose on virgin ground claimed by no other god.

💡 Did you know? Within a few decades of his death the city stood empty again.

What was the name of Akhenaten's Great Royal Wife?

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Nefertiti

Her painted bust in Berlin is one of the best-known artworks in the world.

💡 Did you know? The bust was a workshop model: which is why it is missing an eye.

What changed strikingly in depictions of the king under Akhenaten?

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he was shown with unusually distorted body shapes

The rigid ideal type of earlier royal images vanished for a few years.

💡 Did you know? Whether he really looked like that or it was a stylistic device is still disputed.

What happened to Akhenaten's reform after his death?

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it was completely undone

The old gods returned and his name was struck from the king lists.

💡 Did you know? Later texts call him only „the criminal of Akhetaten“.

Which world-famous pharaoh was very probably Akhenaten's son?

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Tutankhamun

DNA studies of the mummies support the father-son relationship.

💡 Did you know? He was first called Tutankhaten and renamed himself after the return to Amun.

Why do some scholars regard Akhenaten as an early monotheist?

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because he permitted only a single god

Whether this was true monotheism is disputed among Egyptologists.

💡 Did you know? In the end only the king himself could worship Aten: the people worshipped the king.

Akhenaten

Foto: HoremWeb · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Which pharaoh is shown here?

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Akhenaten

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