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Anthrax

7 questions · Health & Medicine

Anthrax, known in German as Milzbrand, is a dangerous animal disease that can also jump to humans. It is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, whose special feature is its extremely tough spores: they can survive in the soil for decades without losing their danger. Anthrax primarily attacks grazing animals such as cattle and sheep; humans usually become infected through contact with sick animals or their products: in the past, for instance, workers sorting wool and hides, which is why it was called „woolsorters' disease“. Depending on the point of entry there are different forms: cutaneous anthrax with its typical black scab is the most common and most treatable; inhalation anthrax, in which the spores are breathed in, by contrast is almost always fatal without rapid treatment. Anthrax played a great role in the history of medicine: Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur studied it and proved through it that certain bacteria cause certain diseases. Anthrax also gained sad fame as a biological weapon: in 2001 unknown persons in the USA sent letters containing anthrax spores. With antibiotics anthrax is treatable today, and for especially endangered people there is a vaccine.

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4 of 7 questions with answers

Which bacterium causes anthrax?

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Bacillus anthracis

It forms extremely tough spores.

💡 Did you know? These can survive for decades in the soil.

Which creatures does anthrax mainly attack?

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Grazing animals like cattle and sheep

Humans catch it from sick animals.

💡 Did you know? It is thus a zoonosis.

Which form of anthrax is the most dangerous?

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Inhalation anthrax

In it the spores are breathed in.

💡 Did you know? Without fast treatment it is almost always fatal.

How is common cutaneous anthrax recognised?

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By a black scab

The Greek name „anthrax“ means coal.

💡 Did you know? This form is the most treatable.

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