What is Avernus?
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An entrance to the underworld
A crater lake near Naples.
💡 Did you know? It still exists today as “Lago d’Averno”.
12 questions · Mythology
In Roman mythology, Avernus is a crater lake near Naples that was regarded as one of the entrances to the underworld. From its poisonous vapours no birds were said to escape: hence the name, which means “without birds”. The poet Virgil had his hero Aeneas descend into the underworld here. Avernus thus became the famous gateway between the world of the living and the dead. Even the Romans built sanctuaries to the underworld gods by the eerie lake. Avernus is a real place: a volcanic crater lake in the steaming Phlegraean Fields near Naples. Because poisonous sulphur fumes were said to kill birds in flight, the name was read as “a-ornos” (without birds) and the gloomy lake was taken for an entrance to the underworld. Virgil made it immortal: here Aeneas descends, guided by the Sibyl of Cumae, armed with the Golden Bough as his pass and in the realm of shades meets his father Anchises, who shows him Rome's future greatness, and the silent Dido. Virgil's warning became proverbial: “Facilis descensus Averno”: easy is the descent to the underworld, hard only the return. Quite unmythically, the general Agrippa later turned the lake into the war harbour Portus Iulius; today Avernus lies peacefully in Campania, and birds have long been flying over it again.
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An entrance to the underworld
A crater lake near Naples.
💡 Did you know? It still exists today as “Lago d’Averno”.
Without birds
Poisonous vapours were said to kill birds.
💡 Did you know? So the lake was regarded as eerie.
Aeneas
The forefather of the Romans.
💡 Did you know? The Sibyl of Cumae led him down.
Roman mythology
A famous gateway to the world of the dead.
💡 Did you know? “Avernus” became a byword for the underworld itself.
A crater lake
A volcanic maar lake near Naples.
💡 Did you know? The Phlegraean Fields steam to this day.
Because of poisonous fumes
Sulphur fumes were said to kill them in flight.
💡 Did you know? Hence the name: “a-ornos”, without birds.
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