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Dietrich Bonhoeffer

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Dietrich Bonhoeffer, born in Breslau in 1906 and raised in an upper-middle-class Berlin family of professors, was one of the clearest minds of the church resistance: a theologian who turned faith into action. Only two days after Hitler came to power he warned on the radio against a “Führer” who becomes a “misleader”. He opposed the pro-Nazi German Christians and joined the Confessing Church, which resisted state control. From 1935 he ran an illegal seminary for pastors at Finkenwalde near Stettin. In 1939 he was safe in the USA and after a few weeks deliberately returned to Germany, because he felt he could only take part in rebuilding after the war if he shared the hardship now. Under cover as an agent of the military intelligence service, the Abwehr, he made contacts with churches abroad and helped Jews escape to Switzerland. In April 1943 he was arrested and held in the Wehrmacht prison at Berlin-Tegel. From prison he wrote letters that later became world-famous as “Letters and Papers from Prison”, and at New Year 1944/45 the poem “By Gracious Powers”. After the failure of the 20 July plot Hitler had him executed at Flossenbürg concentration camp on 9 April 1945: a few weeks before American troops liberated the camp.

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In which Silesian city was Dietrich Bonhoeffer born in 1906?

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Breslau

He was the sixth of eight children; in 1912 the family moved to Berlin, where his father Karl Bonhoeffer taught psychiatry.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer

Foto: Bundesarchiv, Bild 146-1987-074-16 · CC BY-SA 3.0 de · Wikimedia Commons

Who is shown here?

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Dietrich Bonhoeffer

Portrait of Dietrich Bonhoeffer from the 1930s.

Which church movement opposing Nazi control did Bonhoeffer join?

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the Confessing Church

It resisted the pro-Nazi “German Christians”, who wanted to exclude Jews from the church.

💡 Did you know? Bonhoeffer went further than many fellow members: he demanded that the church also stand up for persecuted Jews who were not baptised.

In which place near Stettin did Bonhoeffer run an illegal seminary for pastors from 1935?

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Finkenwalde

The Gestapo closed the seminary in 1937; Bonhoeffer then continued the training in secret.

From which country did Bonhoeffer deliberately return to Germany in summer 1939?

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the USA

Friends had found him a safe post in New York; after a few weeks he travelled back.

For which military intelligence service did Bonhoeffer work from 1940 as cover for the resistance?

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the Abwehr

Under Admiral Canaris and Hans Oster the Abwehr was a centre of the conspiracy; Bonhoeffer's brother-in-law Hans von Dohnanyi worked there.

In which Berlin prison was Bonhoeffer held from April 1943?

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Tegel

A guard smuggled his letters out: above all to his friend Eberhard Bethge.

Under which English title was the correspondence Bonhoeffer wrote in his cell published?

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Letters and Papers from Prison

Eberhard Bethge published them in 1951; the book is one of the most widely read theological works of the 20th century.

Which poem did Bonhoeffer write in Gestapo custody at New Year 1944/45?

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By Gracious Powers

He sent it to his fiancée Maria von Wedemeyer and his mother; set to music, it is still sung in church services today.

In which concentration camp was Bonhoeffer executed on 9 April 1945?

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Flossenbürg

Admiral Canaris and Hans Oster died with him. Two weeks later US troops liberated the camp.

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