Which two sides fought the war of 1870 to 1871?
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Prussia (Germany) and France
Prussia led the allied German states.
💡 Did you know? The victory completed German unification.
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Which Prussian chancellor steered policy in the background?
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Otto von Bismarck
He used the war to found the German Empire.
💡 Did you know? He was called the “Iron Chancellor”.
Which cleverly edited dispatch helped trigger the war?
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The Ems Dispatch
Bismarck shortened the text so it seemed provocative.
💡 Did you know? France felt insulted and declared war.
In which year did the war begin?
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1870
France declared war but was not up to it.
💡 Did you know? The German troops were better organised.
Which French head of state was captured at Sedan?
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Napoleon III
His capture collapsed the French Empire.
💡 Did you know? In Paris the Republic was then proclaimed.
In which 1870 battle was Napoleon III captured?
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Battle of Sedan
An entire French army had to surrender.
💡 Did you know? “Sedan Day” was later celebrated in the German Empire.
Which Prussian chief of staff planned the campaigns?
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Helmuth von Moltke
He used railways and telegraphs masterfully.
💡 Did you know? His general staff was seen as exemplary.
Which capital was besieged for months?
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Paris
The siege led to hunger in the city.
💡 Did you know? Desperate Parisians even ate zoo animals.
Where was the German Empire proclaimed in 1871?
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In the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles
Of all places, in the palace of the French kings.
💡 Did you know? The French felt this as a deep humiliation.
Who was proclaimed the first German emperor in 1871?
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Wilhelm I
The Prussian king became German emperor.
💡 Did you know? Bismarck remained the real driving force.
Which territory did France have to cede to Germany?
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Alsace-Lorraine
The two regions were annexed by the new empire.
💡 Did you know? The loss poisoned relations for decades.
Which peace ended the war in 1871?
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Treaty of Frankfurt
France lost Alsace-Lorraine and paid high reparations.
💡 Did you know? It had to pay five billion francs.
What high sum did France have to pay in reparations?
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Five billion francs
The sum was enormous for the time.
💡 Did you know? Germany used it partly to finance its rearmament.
Which form of government arose in France after Napoleon III's fall?
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The Third Republic
France became a republic again.
💡 Did you know? It lasted until the Second World War.
Which uprising shook the defeated French capital in 1871?
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The Paris Commune
Insurgents briefly set up their own city government.
💡 Did you know? It was bloodily crushed after a few weeks.
Which of the three wars of unification was this?
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The third and last
Prussia had earlier beaten Denmark and Austria.
💡 Did you know? Only this victory completed German unity.
Which new great power arose in the middle of Europe?
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The German Empire
Many states became one powerful empire.
💡 Did you know? It shifted Europe's balance of power.
Which long-term problem did the war leave behind?
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The Franco-German enmity
The loss of Alsace-Lorraine embittered France.
💡 Did you know? This resentment later contributed to the First World War.
How quickly was the war essentially decided?
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Within a few months
After Sedan France was militarily beaten.
💡 Did you know? The surprising speed shocked Europe.
Which city became the capital of the new German Empire?
Show answer
Berlin
From here the emperor and chancellor ruled.
💡 Did you know? Berlin quickly grew into a city of millions.
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