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Fyodor Dostoevsky
12 questions · Literature
Fyodor Dostoevsky, born in Moscow in 1821, a doctor's son, lived the decisive minute of his life at 28: condemned to death for belonging to a socialist reading circle, he was already facing the firing squad: when the tsar's pardon arrived, staged to the last second. Instead of the bullet: four years of katorga, hard labour in Siberia, in chains among murderers. The experience of nearness to death, guilt and degradation became the bedrock of his work; the account 'Notes from a Dead House' turned it into literature.
Back among the living, Dostoevsky wrote under constant pressure: plagued by epilepsy and a gambling addiction that ruined him at Europe's roulette tables ('The Gambler' was written in 26 days to pay off debts; the stenographer hired for it, Anna, became his wife and saviour). Thus arose the great novels that changed world literature: 'Crime and Punishment', about the student Raskolnikov, who murders to prove he belongs among the 'extraordinary men', and shatters on guilt and conscience; 'The Idiot' with the Christlike Prince Myshkin; 'Demons', on the destructive power of fanaticism; finally 'The Brothers Karamazov' with the famous legend of the Grand Inquisitor: parricide, faith and doubt in one family novel.
Dostoevsky counts as the inventor of the modern psychological novel: no author shines a light deeper into the abysses, contradictions and double floors of the soul. Nietzsche called him the 'only psychologist' from whom he had anything to learn; Freud bowed before the 'Karamazovs'.
He died in St Petersburg in 1881; tens of thousands followed the coffin. Did you know that Dostoevsky retells the seconds before his mock execution in 'The Idiot', as the account of a pardoned man?
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