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Hans Scholl

10 questions · History

Hans Scholl, born in Ingersheim in Württemberg in 1918 and raised in Forchtenberg and Ulm, was the driving force of the White Rose: the student resistance group that fought Hitler with leaflets. As a teenager he was an enthusiastic member of the Hitler Youth and in 1936 carried his troop's flag at the Nuremberg rally. But the forced coordination that banned his own youth groups, and an arrest for “subversive youth activities”, disillusioned him. In Munich he studied medicine; as a medic on the Eastern Front in 1942 he witnessed the crimes behind the lines. In summer 1942 he and Alexander Schmorell wrote the first White Rose leaflets, which they posted to intellectuals. Later his sister Sophie, Christoph Probst, Willi Graf and Professor Kurt Huber joined them; six leaflets were produced in all. They called for passive resistance and openly named the murder of the Jews. On 18 February 1943 Hans and Sophie Scholl threw leaflets into the atrium of Munich University. The caretaker spotted them. Four days later the People's Court under Roland Freisler sentenced them to death, and the same day they were beheaded in Stadelheim prison. Hans Scholl is said to have called out at the end: “Long live freedom!”

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In which place in Württemberg was Hans Scholl born in 1918?

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Ingersheim

His father Robert Scholl was mayor there; later the family moved to Forchtenberg and in 1932 to Ulm.

Hans Scholl

Foto: Unbekannt · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Who is shown here?

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Hans Scholl

Hans Scholl on 20 February 1943 in Gestapo custody: two days before his execution.

💡 Did you know? The often-shown 1942 photo in medic's uniform comes from a newspaper and is not freely licensed.

Which Nazi organisation did Hans Scholl enthusiastically belong to as a teenager?

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the Hitler Youth

His father, an opponent of the Nazis, was horrified. The enthusiasm faded when Hans saw how little freedom was left there.

Which subject did Hans Scholl study in Munich?

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medicine

As a medical student he had to serve as a medic at the front during the vacations: in 1942 in the Soviet Union.

Under which name did Hans Scholl and Alexander Schmorell begin their resistance in 1942?

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the White Rose

The first four leaflets were headed “Leaflets of the White Rose”; Hans Scholl never clearly explained where the name came from.

How many leaflets did the White Rose write in all?

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six

The sixth leaflet was written by Professor Kurt Huber. British aircraft later dropped it over Germany by the thousand.

In which building did Hans and Sophie Scholl throw leaflets into the atrium on 18 February 1943?

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the University of Munich

The caretaker Jakob Schmid held them and handed them over to the Gestapo.

💡 Did you know? Today a memorial of leaflets set into the pavement in front of the main building commemorates the White Rose.

Which president of the People's Court sentenced Hans Scholl to death?

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Roland Freisler

Freisler had travelled from Berlin to Munich especially. The trial lasted only a few hours.

💡 Did you know? Freisler was killed in 1945 in an air raid inside the court building.

In which Munich prison was Hans Scholl executed on 22 February 1943?

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Stadelheim

He, his sister Sophie and Christoph Probst were killed by guillotine on the very day of the verdict.

Which last words are attributed to Hans Scholl before his execution?

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Long live freedom!

The words were passed on by prison officials. They became the motto for remembering the White Rose.

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