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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec

19 questions · Art

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec is born in 1864, a scion of one of the oldest and most aristocratic families in France. But fate is not kind to him: probably because of a hereditary condition, both his thighbones break in his youth and afterwards stop growing. His torso becomes that of an adult, his legs stay short: he grows to only about 1.52 metres. Excluded from the sporting life of the nobility, he throws himself entirely into art. Toulouse-Lautrec leaves his family's genteel milieu and plunges into the dazzling nightlife of Paris, especially in the pleasure quarter of Montmartre. He becomes the great chronicler of the dance halls, cabarets and variety theatres. His favourite place is the famous "Moulin Rouge", whose dancers and guests he captures with a sharp but also compassionate eye. His greatest importance lies in poster art. With a few bold lines, flat colour fields and striking silhouettes he creates advertising posters that found modern graphic design. His poster for the "Moulin Rouge" with the dancer La Goulue caused a sensation overnight and made the venue world-famous. His restless life and heavy drinking wear down his health. Toulouse-Lautrec dies in 1901 at just 36. His work, colourful and modern, is among the most precious of the era around 1900. Did you know that his posters were torn off the walls and collected almost as soon as they were pasted up: early proof that advertising can be art? Toulouse-Lautrec was the chronicler of nocturnal Montmartre. Again and again he painted its world of pleasure: ‘At the Moulin Rouge’, ‘At the Moulin Rouge, The Dance’, the famous poster ‘Moulin Rouge: La Goulue’, ‘Equestrienne (At the Cirque Fernando)’ and ‘The Rope Dancer’. Unsparingly he shows women’s lives in ‘La Toilette’, ‘La Blanchisseuse’, ‘In the Salon at the Rue des Moulins’, ‘Le Lit’ and ‘The Hangover (Suzanne Valadon)’; add to them ‘Self-portrait in front of a mirror’ and ‘The Artist’s Father Driving a Mail-Coach’.

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Which world did Toulouse-Lautrec capture in his art?

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the Parisian nightlife

Toulouse-Lautrec captured Parisian nightlife around 1890: cabarets, dance halls and the people of Montmartre.

💡 Did you know? He lived in the midst of this world himself and knew the dancers, singers and brothel women personally.

For what is Toulouse-Lautrec especially important in art history?

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poster art

Toulouse-Lautrec raised the advertising poster to an art form in its own right; his lithographic posters for the Moulin Rouge are icons to this day.

💡 Did you know? His Moulin Rouge poster made the venue world-famous.

What background did Toulouse-Lautrec come from?

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old nobility

Toulouse-Lautrec came from one of the oldest noble families in France.

💡 Did you know? His parents were first cousins: the close kinship is thought to be a cause of his bone disease.

What shaped Toulouse-Lautrec's life physically?

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short stature after leg fractures

Excluded from the life of the nobility, he turned entirely to art.

💡 Did you know? After breaking both legs in his youth, Toulouse-Lautrec's legs stopped growing: he remained short-statured and suffered from it all his life.

In which city did Toulouse-Lautrec live as an artist?

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Paris

Toulouse-Lautrec lived as an artist in the heart of the Montmartre pleasure district of Paris.

💡 Did you know? He even kept a bed in the brothel and was treated by the women there as one of their own.

How young did Toulouse-Lautrec die?

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at 36 (1901)

His restless life wore down his health.

💡 Did you know? Ravaged by alcohol, Toulouse-Lautrec died at only 36 in his family's château.

At the Moulin Rouge

Foto: Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Which famous work is shown here?

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At the Moulin Rouge

Around 1892: a scene from the famous Parisian dance hall.

💡 Did you know? At the edge a ghostly, green-lit woman's face appears: a boldly modern composition.

At the Moulin Rouge, The Dance

Foto: Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

What is this work called?

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At the Moulin Rouge, The Dance

Painted around 1890.

💡 Did you know? The dancer La Goulue whirls across the floor: Toulouse-Lautrec made her famous.

La Toilette

Foto: Didier Descouens · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

What is this painting called?

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La Toilette

Painted around 1889.

💡 Did you know? A woman from behind while dressing: Toulouse-Lautrec showed such everyday moments entirely without pose.

La Blanchisseuse

Foto: Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Which famous work is shown here?

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La Blanchisseuse

Painted around 1880.

💡 Did you know? An exhausted young laundress gazes out of the window: a sympathetic picture of a hard life.

In the Salon at the Rue des Moulins

Foto: Didier Descouens · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

What is this work called?

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In the Salon at the Rue des Moulins

Painted around 1894.

💡 Did you know? Women waiting in a brothel: Toulouse-Lautrec painted them with dignity and without voyeurism.

Equestrienne (At the Cirque Fernando)

Foto: Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

What is this painting called?

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Equestrienne (At the Cirque Fernando)

Painted around 1888.

💡 Did you know? An early masterpiece: the circus fascinated Toulouse-Lautrec all his life.

Self-portrait in front of a mirror

Foto: Didier Descouens · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Which famous work is shown here?

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Self-portrait in front of a mirror

Painted around 1882.

💡 Did you know? A rare, unflattering look by the artist at himself.

The Hangover (Suzanne Valadon)

Foto: Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

What is this work called?

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The Hangover (Suzanne Valadon)

Painted around 1889.

💡 Did you know? The model was Suzanne Valadon, who herself became an important painter.

The Artist's Father Driving a Mail-Coach

Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

What is this painting called?

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The Artist's Father Driving a Mail-Coach

Painted around 1880.

💡 Did you know? Toulouse-Lautrec's father was an eccentric horse fanatic; the son painted horses masterfully even as a child.

The Rope Dancer

Foto: Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Which famous work is shown here?

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The Rope Dancer

Painted around 1899.

💡 Did you know? The circus performers too Toulouse-Lautrec caught in sweeping lines.

Le Lit

Foto: Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

What is this work called?

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Le Lit

Painted around 1892.

💡 Did you know? Two women lie tenderly together: Toulouse-Lautrec painted such intimate scenes as a matter of course.

Moulin Rouge: La Goulue (poster)

Foto: Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

What is this painting called?

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Moulin Rouge: La Goulue (poster)

Around 1891: the famous poster that made the Moulin Rouge world-famous.

💡 Did you know? This 1891 poster made Toulouse-Lautrec famous overnight and revolutionised the art of advertising.

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec

Foto: Paul Sescau · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Which artist is shown here?

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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864 to 1901) was a French painter and printmaker who unforgettably captured the Montmartre nightlife of Paris.

💡 Did you know? Of old noble stock and short-statured, Toulouse-Lautrec found his home among dancers and outsiders and died at only 36.

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