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Hermann Göring

11 questions · History

Hermann Göring, born in Rosenheim in 1893, was for years the second man of the Nazi state: jovial in manner, ruthless in substance. In the First World War he was a celebrated fighter pilot and ended up commanding the “Red Baron's” wing. Badly wounded in the 1923 putsch, he became addicted to morphine. As Prussian interior minister he founded the Gestapo in 1933 and had thousands of opponents arrested. Then he collected offices: commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe, head of the Four Year Plan that geared the economy for war, and in 1940 the specially created rank of Reichsmarschall. Göring was responsible for plundering the Jews after the November pogrom of 1938, and in July 1941 he instructed Reinhard Heydrich in writing to prepare the “Final Solution of the Jewish Question”. At his country estate Carinhall in the Schorfheide forest he amassed looted art from all over Europe. After the lost Battle of Britain and the Allied bombing raids his influence waned; shortly before the end of the war Hitler had him arrested. At the Nuremberg trial he was the highest-ranking defendant and was sentenced to death. A few hours before his execution he took cyanide.

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In which Upper Bavarian town was Hermann Göring born in 1893?

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Rosenheim

His father had previously been Reich commissioner in German South West Africa; Göring grew up partly at Veldenstein castle in Franconia.

Hermann Göring

Foto: Charles Alexander (Office of the U.S. Chief of Counsel) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Who is shown here?

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Hermann Göring

Göring during the Nuremberg trial.

As what did Göring make a name for himself in the First World War?

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fighter pilot

He was credited with 22 aerial victories; in 1918 he became the last commander of the Richthofen fighter wing.

💡 Did you know? He was awarded the Pour le Mérite for his missions.

To which drug did Göring become addicted after being shot in the 1923 putsch?

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morphine

After fleeing abroad he was for a time committed to a psychiatric clinic in Sweden.

Which secret police force did Göring found in 1933 as Prussian interior minister?

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the Gestapo

In 1934 he handed it over to Himmler and Heydrich, who expanded it across the Reich.

💡 Did you know? The Gestapo never had very many officers: it thrived on denunciations from the population.

Which branch of the Wehrmacht did Göring command?

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the Luftwaffe

He had been building it up secretly before 1935: the Treaty of Versailles banned Germany from having an air force.

💡 Did you know? His promise to supply the Sixth Army trapped at Stalingrad by air proved impossible to keep.

Which economic scheme to prepare for war did Göring run from 1936?

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the Four Year Plan

The aim was independence from imports, for example through synthetic fuel and artificial rubber.

Which rank, created especially for him, did Hitler give Göring in 1940?

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Reichsmarschall

The rank stood above all field marshals; in the same year Hitler named him his successor.

Whom did Göring instruct in writing on 31 July 1941 to prepare the “Final Solution of the Jewish Question”?

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Reinhard Heydrich

This short letter was the basis on which Heydrich called the Wannsee Conference in January 1942.

What was the name of Göring's lavish country estate in the Schorfheide forest north of Berlin?

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Carinhall

He named it after his first wife Carin, who died in 1931. There he hoarded thousands of artworks, many looted from Jewish owners.

💡 Did you know? In April 1945 Göring had Carinhall blown up before the advancing Red Army reached it.

With which poison did Göring escape his execution in Nuremberg in October 1946?

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cyanide

How he managed to keep the capsule despite being guarded has never been fully explained.

💡 Did you know? Ten of his co-defendants were hanged that same night.

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