From which era are Homer's epics the “Iliad” and “Odyssey”?
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Antiquity
Greeks and Romans created epic, drama and lyric.
💡 Did you know? Their works still shape literature today.
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In which era did the Nibelungenlied and courtly love poetry arise?
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Middle Ages
Knights and courtly love were central.
💡 Did you know? Much was passed on orally.
Which 17th-century era stressed transience (“vanitas”) and “carpe diem”?
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Baroque
The Thirty Years' War shaped its mood.
💡 Did you know? “Memento mori”: remember you will die.
Which 18th-century era put reason and education at the centre (Lessing)?
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Enlightenment
“Dare to use your own reason.”
💡 Did you know? Lessing's “Nathan the Wise” is an example.
Which movement of the young Goethe and Schiller set feeling and rebellion over rules?
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Sturm und Drang
Goethe's “Werther” is a key work.
💡 Did you know? The passionate genius took centre stage.
Which era around 1800 united Goethe and Schiller in an ideal of harmony?
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Weimar Classicism
It looked back to antiquity as a model.
💡 Did you know? Schiller's “William Tell” dates from this period.
Which era stressed feeling, night, wanderlust and the “blue flower”?
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Romanticism
It fled sober reality into the fantastical.
💡 Did you know? The Brothers Grimm collected fairy tales then.
Which 19th-century era depicted reality in a measured, balanced way?
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Realism
Fontane's “Effi Briest” belongs to it.
💡 Did you know? It is also called “poetic realism”.
Which movement showed social reality and the milieu of the poor unvarnished?
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Naturalism
It portrayed the world as faithfully as possible.
💡 Did you know? Gerhart Hauptmann was a leading figure.
Which early-20th-century movement conveyed feelings in a garish, distorted way?
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Expressionism
The metropolis, war and the crumbling self were themes.
💡 Did you know? It shaped painting and film too.
What is the 20th-century literature of Kafka, Joyce and Proust called?
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Modernism
It broke with classic forms of narration.
💡 Did you know? The “interior monologue” became a new device.
What is German-language writing after 1945, such as the so-called Trümmerliteratur, called?
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Post-war literature
It grappled with war, guilt and new beginnings.
💡 Did you know? The “Group 47” shaped it strongly.
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