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Mileva Marić

11 questions · Society & Everyday

Mileva Marić is born in 1875 in Titel, a small town in the Vojvodina, then part of Austria-Hungary. The girl outperforms every boy in her class at mathematics and her father makes sure she is allowed to attend physics lessons at the grammar school in Zagreb, one of the very first girls ever permitted to do so. In 1896 she enrols at the Polytechnic in Zurich, one of the few universities in Europe open to women: in the mathematics and physics section she is the only woman in her year. Sitting next to her is a bright student from Ulm: Albert Einstein. Study evenings turn into love letters full of physics: at one point Einstein writes of "our work on relative motion". How large Mileva's share in his early work really was is still debated by historians today; what is beyond doubt is that she was his closest confidante and scientific sounding board during the very years in which modern physics was born. Her own career, however, breaks off: she fails the final examination twice, the second time while pregnant by Einstein. Their daughter Lieserl, born out of wedlock at Mileva's parents' home in Serbia in 1902, soon vanishes from every letter and document: her fate remains unknown to this day. In 1903 Mileva and Albert marry, and their sons Hans Albert and Eduard are born. But the marriage falls apart; in 1919 it ends in divorce. The divorce settlement contains a remarkable clause: should Einstein win the Nobel Prize, the prize money would go to Mileva. In 1922 it happens: she uses the money to buy houses in Zurich and later to pay for the care of her son Eduard, who suffered from schizophrenia. She dies in Zurich in 1948, forgotten by the public. Only when the love letters from her student years surfaced in the 1980s did the woman at Einstein's side step back into the light.

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Where was Mileva Marić born in 1875?

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Titel (Vojvodina)

Her father championed his daughter's talent against all the conventions of the time.

💡 Did you know? Marić came from a wealthy Serbian family in what was then Austro-Hungarian Vojvodina.

What was Marić allowed to do at the Zagreb grammar school, as one of the first girls ever?

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attend physics lessons

Her father obtained a special permit for it.

💡 Did you know? As one of the very first female pupils, Marić gained special permission to join the boys' physics classes in Zagreb.

Where did Mileva Marić study mathematics and physics from 1896?

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Zurich Polytechnic

Switzerland was one of the few countries in Europe where women could formally enrol at university.

💡 Did you know? At the Zurich Polytechnic Marić studied physics: at the same time and in the same class as Albert Einstein.

What made Marić stand out in her year at the Polytechnic?

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the only woman

Marić was the only woman in her year and only the fifth woman ever in that department of the Polytechnic.

💡 Did you know? She was only the fifth woman ever to study in that section.

To which physicist was Mileva Marić married from 1903 to 1919?

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Albert Einstein

The two met as students: she was the only woman in his year.

💡 Did you know? Marić and Einstein married in 1903; their letters show that in the early years they discussed physics intensely.

What was the name of Marić and Einstein's daughter, born in 1902, whose fate is unknown?

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Lieserl

She was born before the marriage at Mileva's parents' home in Serbia and disappears from all letters and records after 1903.

💡 Did you know? The fate of their daughter Lieserl, born out of wedlock, is unknown to this day: she vanishes from all records.

What were the names of the two sons of Mileva Marić and her famous husband?

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Hans Albert and Eduard

Hans Albert became a professor of hydraulic engineering at Berkeley; Eduard developed schizophrenia as a young man.

💡 Did you know? Her son Eduard developed a severe mental illness; Mileva cared for him for years at great personal cost.

What remarkable clause did the 1919 divorce settlement contain?

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Einstein's Nobel Prize money

In 1922 Einstein did win the prize; Mileva used the money to buy houses in Zurich.

💡 Did you know? The clause was agreed years before Einstein actually won the prize.

What do historians still debate about Mileva Marić today?

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her share in Einstein's early work

In the student-day love letters Einstein writes of "our work on relative motion": how much Mileva contributed cannot be proven.

💡 Did you know? Whether and how far Marić contributed to Einstein's early work is still debated among historians.

Where did Marić spend her later years and die in 1948?

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Zurich

Only the publication of the early love letters in the 1980s brought her back into public view.

💡 Did you know? After the divorce Marić received Einstein's Nobel money as part of the settlement: she lived quietly in Zurich until her death in 1948.

Mileva Marić

Foto: Unbekannt · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Which physicist and mathematician is shown here?

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Mileva Marić

Mileva Marić (1875 to 1948) was a Serbian physicist and mathematician, the only woman in her year at the Zurich Polytechnic and Albert Einstein's first wife.

💡 Did you know? Marić was one of very few women allowed to study physics around 1900: her exact share in Einstein's work remains a mystery.

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