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Napoleonic Wars

20 questions · History

A general of the revolution became an emperor: in 1804 Napoleon Bonaparte placed the crown on his own head, and with his Grande Armée he swept across one country after another. In 1805 at Austerlitz, the “Battle of the Three Emperors”, he won his greatest triumph over Austria and Russia, while in the same year Admiral Nelson destroyed the French fleet at Trafalgar and thus secured Britain's mastery of the seas. To strike at England, Napoleon imposed the Continental System, but in 1806 the thousand-year-old Holy Roman Empire also broke apart under his pressure. Ever-new coalitions rose against him. His undoing came in 1812 with the Russian campaign: only a fraction of the huge Grande Armée returned. In 1813 he was beaten at the Battle of Leipzig and exiled to the island of Elba: yet he returned once more for the “Hundred Days”, before the Duke of Wellington and the Prussian general Blücher finally defeated him at Waterloo in 1815. Banished to St Helena, he died in 1821 far from Europe. The Congress of Vienna, under the Austrian statesman Metternich, reordered the continent; his famous legal code, the Napoleonic Code, still shapes the law of many countries today.

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Which French ruler swept war across Europe?

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Napoleon Bonaparte

A general of the revolution became an emperor.

💡 Did you know? At his height he dominated almost all of Europe.

In which year did Napoleon crown himself emperor?

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1804

He placed the crown on his own head.

💡 Did you know? The Pope was merely a spectator.

In which “Battle of the Three Emperors” did Napoleon win in 1805?

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Battle of Austerlitz

He defeated Austria and Russia at once.

💡 Did you know? It is seen as his greatest tactical triumph.

In which 1805 sea battle did Britain destroy the French fleet?

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Battle of Trafalgar

This secured Britain's mastery of the seas.

💡 Did you know? Napoleon had to abandon his plan to invade England.

Which British admiral died victorious at Trafalgar?

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Admiral Nelson

He was fatally hit in the hour of victory.

💡 Did you know? Nelson's Column in London commemorates him.

With which economic blockade did Napoleon aim to hurt England?

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The Continental System

Europe was to trade no more with Britain.

💡 Did you know? In the end the blockade also hurt France itself.

Which 1812 campaign became a catastrophe for Napoleon?

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The Russian campaign

Only a fraction of the huge Grande Armée returned.

💡 Did you know? Cold, hunger and the scorched-earth tactic wore it down.

What was Napoleon's huge army called?

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The Grande Armée

At times it numbered over half a million soldiers.

💡 Did you know? In Russia the bulk of this army perished.

In which “Battle of the Nations” was Napoleon beaten in 1813?

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Battle of Leipzig

Several powers beat him together.

💡 Did you know? It was one of the largest battles before the 20th century.

To which island was Napoleon first exiled in 1814?

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Elba

He was even allowed to rule a miniature realm there.

💡 Did you know? But he soon returned to France.

What is Napoleon's brief return to power in 1815 called?

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The Hundred Days

He escaped from Elba and seized power again.

💡 Did you know? After about a hundred days it was all over.

In which 1815 battle did Napoleon's rule finally end?

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Battle of Waterloo

British and Prussians defeated him together.

💡 Did you know? “To meet one's Waterloo” still means a final defeat.

Which British commander beat Napoleon at Waterloo?

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Duke of Wellington

He held out until the Prussians arrived.

💡 Did you know? Rubber boots (“wellingtons”) are named after him.

Which Prussian general came to Wellington's aid at Waterloo?

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Blücher

His timely arrival decided the battle.

💡 Did you know? His soldiers called him “Marshal Forward”.

To which remote island was Napoleon then exiled?

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St Helena

The lonely Atlantic island allowed no escape.

💡 Did you know? There he died in 1821.

Which congress reordered Europe after Napoleon?

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The Congress of Vienna

In 1814/15 the great powers drew new borders in Vienna.

💡 Did you know? “The congress dances” people mocked about the festivities.

Which Austrian statesman shaped the Congress of Vienna?

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Metternich

He wanted to restore the old order.

💡 Did you know? The “Metternich era” is named after him.

Which centuries-old empire dissolved under Napoleon's pressure in 1806?

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The Holy Roman Empire

Emperor Francis II laid down the imperial crown.

💡 Did you know? So ended an empire that had lasted almost a thousand years.

Which famous legal code of 1804 did the French emperor leave behind?

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The Napoleonic Code

It summed up civil law in a modern, uniform way.

💡 Did you know? It influences the legal systems of many countries to this day.

In which year did the Napoleonic Wars end?

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1815

Europe then enjoyed decades of relative peace.

💡 Did you know? The Vienna settlement held for a long time.

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