Which movement around Sartre holds that humans are first thrown into the world and only then define what they are?
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Existentialism
Humans create their own meaning.
💡 Did you know? Sartre and Camus shaped it.
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Which movement sees sense experience as the sole source of knowledge?
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Empiricism
“Nothing is in the mind that was not first in the senses.”
💡 Did you know? Locke and Hume are famous empiricists.
Which movement holds reason to be the key source of knowledge?
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Rationalism
Descartes and Leibniz belong to it.
💡 Did you know? It is the counterpart of empiricism.
Which movement fundamentally doubts that certain knowledge is possible?
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Scepticism
It demands that every claim be examined.
💡 Did you know? To be “sceptical” is to doubt and test.
Which movement judges truth by whether an idea works in practice?
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Pragmatism
It arose in the USA around William James.
💡 Did you know? “What works is what's true.”
Which stance denies any objective meaning or value to existence?
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Nihilism
The word comes from Latin “nihil” (nothing).
💡 Did you know? Nietzsche saw it as a great danger.
Which movement holds that only matter truly exists?
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Materialism
Mind and thought too rest on matter, it says.
💡 Did you know? It is the counterpart of idealism.
Which movement sees mind or consciousness as fundamental?
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Idealism
Plato and Hegel are seen as idealists.
💡 Did you know? Reality is thus shaped above all by mind.
Which view holds that all events are predetermined by causes?
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Determinism
It raises the question of free will.
💡 Did you know? Its opposite is indeterminism.
Which branch of philosophy deals with being and reality?
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metaphysics
Metaphysics asks what lies behind the visible world: what is being, time, cause, reality? It is one of the oldest branches of philosophy.
💡 Did you know? The name arose by chance: it labelled the writings placed 'after the Physics' in Aristotle's works.
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