In which year did the Reformation begin?
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1517
It permanently split Western Christianity.
💡 Did you know? 500 years later, in 2017, its anniversary was celebrated.
20 questions · History
In 1517 the monk Martin Luther set off the Reformation with his 95 Theses: an upheaval that split Christianity forever. Luther above all denounced the sale of indulgences, by which the Church promised the remission of sins for money. According to legend he nailed his theses to the church door in Wittenberg. Thanks to the young art of printing, his ideas spread at lightning speed. In 1521 Luther defended his teaching at the Diet of Worms (“Here I stand, I can do no other”) was outlawed and hid at the Wartburg, where he translated the Bible into German. From the movement grew a new confession, Protestantism, against the Catholic Church and the pope. Further reformers such as John Calvin in Geneva and Ulrich Zwingli in Zurich went their own ways; in 1525 the unrest erupted in the Peasants' War. Only the Peace of Augsburg of 1555 brought a temporary settlement, while the Catholic Church responded with the Counter-Reformation. Luther was protected by Elector Frederick the Wise and as a former monk he married Katharina von Bora.
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1517
It permanently split Western Christianity.
💡 Did you know? 500 years later, in 2017, its anniversary was celebrated.
Martin Luther
The Augustinian monk and theology professor taught in Wittenberg.
💡 Did you know? The Lutheran church is named after him.
With the 95 Theses
In them he criticised abuses of the Church.
💡 Did you know? Whether he really nailed them to the door is disputed.
Wittenberg
To the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg.
💡 Did you know? The city is now called Lutherstadt Wittenberg.
The sale of indulgences
For money, remission of punishment for sins was promised.
💡 Did you know? “As the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs.”
Protestantism
The “protesters” separated from Rome.
💡 Did you know? The name goes back to a “protestation” of 1529.
The Catholic Church
Luther denied the authority of the pope.
💡 Did you know? The pope excommunicated him.
The Bible
For the first time many people could read it themselves.
💡 Did you know? His translation shaped the German language.
The printing press
Pamphlets reached all of Germany in weeks.
💡 Did you know? Gutenberg's invention first made the Reformation possible.
Diet of Worms
He refused to recant his writings.
💡 Did you know? Afterwards he was declared an outlaw.
Here I stand, I can do no other
With it he is said to have refused to recant.
💡 Did you know? Whether he said exactly these words is not certain.
At the Wartburg
Disguised as “Junker Jörg” he translated the New Testament.
💡 Did you know? The castle towers over Eisenach in Thuringia.
The split of the Church
One Western Christianity became many confessions.
💡 Did you know? From it grew bloody religious wars too.
John Calvin
He founded strict Calvinism.
💡 Did you know? His teaching shaped Switzerland and the Netherlands, among others.
Ulrich Zwingli
He reformed the church in Switzerland.
💡 Did you know? He fell in battle in 1531.
The Peasants' War
Peasants invoked Luther's message of freedom.
💡 Did you know? Luther himself called for their suppression.
Peace of Augsburg
The principle was “whose realm, his religion”.
💡 Did you know? The prince now determined his land's confession.
With the Counter-Reformation
It renewed itself and moved against Protestantism.
💡 Did you know? The Jesuit order became an important force in it.
Frederick the Wise
The Saxon elector shielded him from persecution.
💡 Did you know? Without his protection Luther would likely have been burned.
Katharina von Bora
The runaway nun became his wife.
💡 Did you know? Their marriage became a model for the Protestant parsonage.
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