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Rembrandt

19 questions · Art

Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn is born in 1606 in Leiden in the Netherlands, the son of a miller. His extraordinary talent shows early, and while still a young man he becomes the most sought-after portrait painter in Amsterdam. The Netherlands are then living through their "Golden Age", a flowering of trade, wealth and art: the perfect ground for an ambitious painter. Rembrandt's great art is light. Like no other he masters "chiaroscuro": out of deep shadow he makes faces and figures glow warmly, as if lit from within. This drama gives his pictures a psychological depth that goes far beyond mere likeness. His most famous work, "The Night Watch", breaks every convention of the group portrait and shows a militia company in full movement. Rembrandt's life is marked by heights and deep falls. After years of success he loses his wife Saskia, several children and finally almost his entire fortune; he has to declare bankruptcy and sell his house. Yet it is precisely his late works, often in dark, golden tones, that are among his deepest and most human. Especially fascinating is his lifelong self-observation: over more than forty years Rembrandt paints himself again and again, from cocky young man to careworn old age. Did you know that this series of around a hundred self-portraits reads like a painted diary of an entire life? Rembrandt dies in 1669, poor, but as one of the greatest painters of all time. Rembrandt’s fame rests on the monumental group portrait ‘The Night Watch’ and the early ‘The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp’. His biblical scenes (‘The Return of the Prodigal Son’, ‘The Storm on the Sea of Galilee’, ‘Belshazzar’s Feast’, ‘Danaë’, ‘Bathsheba at Her Bath’ and ‘Moses Smashing the Tablets of the Law’) belong here too, as do ‘The Jewish Bride’, ‘Aristotle with a Bust of Homer’, the ‘Syndics of the Drapers’ Guild’ and the exuberant double portrait ‘Rembrandt and Saskia in the Parable of the Prodigal Son’.

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Which country was Rembrandt from?

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Netherlands

He worked in the Dutch "Golden Age".

💡 Did you know? Rembrandt lived in the Dutch „Golden Age,“ when Amsterdam was the richest trading city in Europe.

Which lighting effect did Rembrandt master?

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chiaroscuro

Rembrandt let his figures step out of darkness into warm light: a drama no contemporary matched.

💡 Did you know? Out of deep shadow he makes faces glow warmly.

What is the name of Rembrandt's most famous group portrait?

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The Night Watch

It shows a militia company in full movement: unusual for the time.

💡 Did you know? „The Night Watch“ is not a night scene at all: darkened varnish made it appear dim and gave it the wrong name.

What did Rembrandt do repeatedly over forty years?

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painting self-portraits

Rembrandt made over 80 self-portraits: from cocky youth to careworn old man, a unique painted diary.

💡 Did you know? The series reads like a painted diary of his life.

What happened in Rembrandt's later years?

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loss and bankruptcy

His late works in particular are considered especially deep and human.

💡 Did you know? After his wife's death and bankruptcy Rembrandt had to sell his house and collection: yet his late pictures grew ever more profound.

When did Rembrandt die?

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1669

Rembrandt died impoverished in Amsterdam in 1669, outlived by almost none of his family.

💡 Did you know? He was buried in an anonymous pauper's grave: a sad end for the greatest painter of his age.

The Night Watch

Foto: Rembrandt · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

What is this painting called?

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The Night Watch

Around 1642: his most famous work, a group portrait full of movement.

💡 Did you know? Rembrandt broke with the tradition of stiff group portraits and showed the militia company in full motion.

The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp

Foto: Rembrandt · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Which famous work is shown here?

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The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp

Around 1632: an early masterpiece that made him famous in Amsterdam.

💡 Did you know? The early group portrait of a public dissection made the young Rembrandt famous in Amsterdam.

The Jewish Bride

Foto: Rembrandt · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

What is this work called?

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The Jewish Bride

Painted around 1667.

💡 Did you know? Van Gogh said he would give ten years of his life to sit two weeks in front of this painting.

The Storm on the Sea of Galilee

Foto: Rembrandt · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

What is this painting called?

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The Storm on the Sea of Galilee

Painted around 1633.

💡 Did you know? Rembrandt's only seascape was stolen in Boston in 1990 and remains missing to this day.

The Return of the Prodigal Son

Foto: Rembrandt · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Which famous work is shown here?

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The Return of the Prodigal Son

Painted around 1668.

💡 Did you know? Rembrandt's moving late work on forgiveness: the father's hands are deliberately painted as one male and one female.

Danaë

Foto: Rembrandt · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

What is this work called?

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Danaë

Painted around 1636.

💡 Did you know? In 1985 the picture was doused with acid in the Hermitage and painstakingly restored over years.

Belshazzar's Feast

Foto: Rembrandt · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

What is this painting called?

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Belshazzar's Feast

Painted around 1636.

💡 Did you know? The mysterious writing on the wall (the „writing on the wall“) Rembrandt painted correctly in Hebrew.

Aristotle with a Bust of Homer

Foto: Rembrandt · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Which famous work is shown here?

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Aristotle with a Bust of Homer

Painted around 1653.

💡 Did you know? In 1961 a New York museum paid a then-record price of over 2 million dollars for it.

Syndics of the Drapers' Guild

Foto: Rembrandt · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

What is this work called?

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Syndics of the Drapers' Guild

Painted around 1662.

💡 Did you know? The five men seem to size up the viewer: a high point of the Dutch group portrait.

Bathsheba at Her Bath

Foto: Rembrandt · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

What is this painting called?

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Bathsheba at Her Bath

Painted around 1654.

💡 Did you know? Rembrandt's lover Hendrickje was the model: the picture is considered one of the finest nudes ever painted.

Moses Smashing the Tablets of the Law

Foto: Rembrandt · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Which famous work is shown here?

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Moses Smashing the Tablets of the Law

Painted around 1659.

💡 Did you know? Rembrandt captures the dramatic moment as Moses raises the tablets of the law.

Rembrandt and Saskia in the Parable of the Prodigal Son

Foto: Rembrandt · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

What is this work called?

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Rembrandt and Saskia in the Parable of the Prodigal Son

Painted around 1635.

💡 Did you know? Rembrandt painted himself and his wife Saskia exuberantly as the prodigal son in the tavern: a rare cheerful self-portrait.

Rembrandt (self-portrait)

Foto: Rembrandt · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Which artist is shown here?

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Rembrandt

Rembrandt (1606 to 1669) was the greatest painter of the Dutch Golden Age, an unmatched master of light, shadow and human expression.

💡 Did you know? Rembrandt was celebrated in his day but died poor: today scarcely a great museum is without a Rembrandt.

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