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Scarlet Fever

8 questions · Health & Medicine

Scarlet fever is a typical childhood disease that was once feared and today, thanks to antibiotics, has largely lost its terror. Unlike measles or chickenpox, it is caused not by a virus but by bacteria: by certain streptococci that produce a toxin. They are spread by droplets when coughing, sneezing and speaking. Scarlet fever usually begins with a sore throat, high fever and swollen tonsils. Shortly after, the namesake fine, bright-red rash appears, which feels rough like sandpaper and makes the cheeks glow, while the area around the mouth stays pale. Another telltale sign is the „strawberry tongue“: a tongue first coated white, then raspberry-red. After it fades, the skin often peels on hands and feet. Untreated, scarlet fever can bring serious late effects such as rheumatic fever or kidney damage: which is why it is treated with antibiotics, usually penicillin, that quickly kill the pathogens. There is no vaccine, and because different streptococcal toxins circulate, one can even get scarlet fever several times in life.

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4 of 8 questions with answers

Which kind of pathogen causes scarlet fever?

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Bacteria (streptococci)

They form a toxin that causes the rash.

💡 Did you know? The same bacteria also cause tonsillitis.

How is scarlet fever transmitted?

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By droplets

Coughing and sneezing release the pathogen into the air.

💡 Did you know? It is contagious but easily treatable.

Which typical tongue change occurs with scarlet fever?

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The strawberry tongue

The tongue turns bright red with raised dots.

💡 Did you know? Before that it is often coated white.

How does the scarlet fever rash feel?

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Rough like sandpaper

It is fine, bright red and dense.

💡 Did you know? Around the mouth the skin stays strikingly pale.

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