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Tetanus

9 questions · Health & Medicine

Tetanus, aptly called „lockjaw“ in English, is a life-threatening disease that works in a quite different way from most infections. It is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, whose tough spores occur everywhere in the soil, in road dust and on rusty metal. If they enter the body through a wound (often a small prick or cut is enough) they form a highly potent nerve poison, tetanospasmin. This poison blocks the nerves that normally brake the muscles, so that the muscles cramp uncontrollably and painfully. Typical is lockjaw, in which the mouth can no longer be opened, along with a rigid, grinning-looking face. As it progresses, the whole body can stiffen in spasms until finally breathing fails. Unlike many diseases, tetanus is not transmitted from person to person: you can only be infected via the environment. The only reliable protection is vaccination, usually given together with diphtheria and whooping cough and best boosted every ten years. In countries with good vaccine coverage lockjaw has become rare, but worldwide many people, above all newborns, still die of it.

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5 of 9 questions with answers

What is tetanus commonly called in everyday English?

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Lockjaw

The name describes the rigid muscle cramps.

💡 Did you know? It follows wounds.

Which bacterium causes tetanus?

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Clostridium tetani

It forms a powerful nerve poison.

💡 Did you know? Its spores survive for years in the soil.

How does the tetanus pathogen enter the body?

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Through wounds

The spores are in soil and dust.

💡 Did you know? Even a small prick can be enough.

Which typical symptom makes it impossible to open the mouth?

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Lockjaw

The mouth can no longer be opened.

💡 Did you know? The face looks rigid and grinning.

Is tetanus transmitted from person to person?

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No

You can only be infected via the environment.

💡 Did you know? That is why herd immunity has no effect here.

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