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Underworld (Hades)

12 questions · Mythology

The underworld, also simply called “Hades” after its ruler, is in Greek myth the realm of the dead deep beneath the earth. There the souls of the departed arrived, ferried across the river Styx by the boatman Charon. At the gate watched the three-headed hound Cerberus. It was not a place of punishment like the later Hell, but a gloomy realm of shadows in which the dead lived on. His name was so feared that people often avoided it, calling the god the rich one, Pluton, instead. The journey into the realm of the dead followed fixed rules: a coin (the obol) was placed in the mouth of the deceased to pay Charon for the crossing. Inside, the judges of the dead, Minos, Rhadamanthys and Aeacus, decided where a soul belonged, and whoever drank from the river Lethe forgot their former life. Only a few of the living managed to descend and return: most famously the singer Orpheus, whose music moved even the ruler of the dead. Lord of the realm was Hades, whose name the Greeks feared so much that they preferred the euphemism Pluton: “the rich one”. His wife Persephone had to stay with him part of the year over a few pomegranate seeds: the myth with which the Greeks explained the seasons.

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6 of 12 questions with answers

Who rules the Greek underworld?

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Hades

The god gave the realm of the dead its name.

💡 Did you know? The Greeks were reluctant to say his name and preferred to call him “Plouton”, the rich one.

Which hound guards the gate of the underworld?

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Cerberus

The hellhound has three heads.

💡 Did you know? Heracles overpowered him as his final labour.

Who ferries the souls across the river into the underworld?

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Charon

The ferryman demanded a coin as payment.

💡 Did you know? Those left unburied had to wait a hundred years on the bank.

To which mythology does this underworld belong?

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Greek mythology

It lies deep beneath the earth.

💡 Did you know? Unlike Hell, it was not a place of punishment.

Which coin was placed in the mouth of the dead for the crossing?

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An obol

The fare for Charon's ferry.

💡 Did you know? In German, “paying one's obolus” is still a saying today.

Whom did Hades abduct and make his wife?

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Persephone

The daughter of the harvest goddess Demeter.

💡 Did you know? Her springtime return explains the seasons in myth.

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