In which Kyoto temple did Nobunaga die?
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Honnō-ji
He was staying there with only about a hundred attendants when troops of his own general surrounded the temple.
💡 Did you know? The temple was later rebuilt at a different site in Kyoto.
11 questions · History
Oda Nobunaga was born in 1534, the son of a middling warlord in Owari Province, in the middle of the Sengoku period, the age of warring states. As a youth he went about in ragged clothes, ate while walking and brawled with farm boys, so that people called him the Fool of Owari. At his father’s funeral he is said to have thrown incense at the altar. Hardly anyone believed he could hold on to his small inheritance. Only his father-in-law Saitō Dōsan, the feared lord of Mino, is said to have remarked after meeting him that his own sons would one day tie their horses at this fool’s gate. Then came 1560. Imagawa Yoshimoto, one of the most powerful lords in the land, marched a huge army through Owari towards Kyoto. Nobunaga attacked the resting camp in a thunderstorm with a few thousand men, and at Okehazama Yoshimoto fell. Two years later Nobunaga made an alliance with Tokugawa Ieyasu that secured his flank. In 1568 he entered Kyoto and installed Ashikaga Yoshiaki as shogun; when Yoshiaki turned against him, he drove him out in 1573 and so brought the Ashikaga shogunate to an end. Nobunaga was ruthless and curious at once. In 1571 he had the monasteries on Mount Hiei burned because the monks supported his enemies. At Nagashino in 1575 his gunners behind palisades shattered the feared Takeda cavalry. He received Portuguese Jesuits, wore European clothes and had a castle built at Azuchi on Lake Biwa with a magnificent tower of many storeys, unlike anything Japan had seen before. In 1582, when he ruled almost two thirds of Japan, he spent the night with a small retinue in the Honnō-ji temple in Kyoto. At dawn his own general Akechi Mitsuhide surrounded the temple. Nobunaga fought until the buildings were ablaze and then took his own life. His body was never found.
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Honnō-ji
He was staying there with only about a hundred attendants when troops of his own general surrounded the temple.
💡 Did you know? The temple was later rebuilt at a different site in Kyoto.
Akechi Mitsuhide
His motives are still unclear; slights, ambition and fear of his own downfall are all discussed.
💡 Did you know? Mitsuhide held power for barely two weeks; “mikka tenka”, a three-day reign, has been a Japanese saying for short-lived power ever since.
Okehazama
He fell upon the resting Imagawa army under cover of a thunderstorm.
💡 Did you know? Yoshimoto’s army was many times larger; the victory made the previously mocked Nobunaga famous at a stroke.
Nagashino
Nobunaga and his ally Tokugawa Ieyasu placed thousands of arquebusiers behind wooden fences.
💡 Did you know? The battle is seen as a turning point: from then on, firearms decided Japan’s wars.
Azuchi
The tower was decorated inside with gold and paintings by the Kanō school.
💡 Did you know? The castle burned down shortly after Nobunaga’s death; together with Momoyama, the hill of Hideyoshi’s Fushimi Castle, it gave its name to the Azuchi-Momoyama period.
Mount Hiei
The monks of the Enryaku-ji had supported his enemies; thousands of people were killed.
💡 Did you know? The monastery on Hiei had been one of the most important centres of Japanese Buddhism since the 8th century.
Ashikaga Yoshiaki
Yoshiaki wanted to rule in his own right and forged an alliance against Nobunaga, who then deposed him.
💡 Did you know? He was the last shogun of the Ashikaga, who had ruled since 1338.
Owari
The province lay around present-day Nagoya; from there he gradually conquered central Japan.
💡 Did you know? As a rowdy youth he was mockingly known there as the “Fool of Owari”.
1582
His retainer Toyotomi Hideyoshi avenged him a few days later and carried on the unification of Japan.
💡 Did you know? He is said to have loved a passage from the Noh play “Atsumori” about the brevity of life, “fifty years”.
Saitō Dōsan
Nobunaga married his daughter Nōhime in 1549; the marriage sealed an alliance between Owari and Mino.
💡 Did you know? Dōsan fell in 1556 fighting against his own son, Saitō Yoshitatsu.
Foto: 狩野宗秀 (Kanō Sōshū, 1551 - 1601) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Oda Nobunaga
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